Process of rendering concrete resistant to waters charged with soluble compounds andproduct thereof



we. cowosmows.

' COATING ORPLASHC UNITED seal-Es Cross Reference P TENT OFFICE.

namvknn r. mom, orpuwrn, MINNESOTA.

' raocnss or assume concnarn ansrs'ram ro warms airman win: SOLUBLE No Drawing.

Rendering Concrete Resistant to Waters detrimental soluble salts, for examp e I necessary for their formation.

Charged with SolubleCompounds and Product hereof, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a process for making concrete resistant to water charged with alkali and magnesium sulfates.

As a rule concrete is de sited in a half fluid consistency with a fair amount of excess water present. During the set and hardening processes this sur lus wateris evaporated while 'the crystallization of the maincompounds in the cement takes place.

.The crystallization in itself is apt to leave open crevices between the con lomerates.

after the lcrystals have taken up a the water v These crevices will then from the start, he filled I with theexces water. As this water evapo.-'

' disintegration of the concrete.

rates, air will take its place resulting in porosity. This porosity will then, when the concrete again is immersed in water, by

capillary action causethe crevices to be filled. a When water has beenpercolating the soil for any length of time it is more or less impure havin dissolved more or lessiof organic and inorganic salts that exist in the soil. The soils are very different in this respect, some of them carrying a small amount of soluble salts, others a comparatively heavy charge of them. Thus, the nature of ithe soil determines the nature of the water that percolates it. Soils heavily charged with alkali and magnesium sulfates have proved themselves to furnish a drainage vwater extremely detrimental to concrete.

Chemical reactions'will take place between the. cement and the sulfates-carrying water, also between the aggregate and the water provided the, aggre ate contains lime. These reactions w1ll tima-tely bring about COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCT THEREOF.

Specification of Letters Patent, Patented M ay 9,1922 Application filed September a0, 1920. Serial no. 413,931. i

It is the object of this invention top I .vent the disintegration of concrete. b ap plymg to the walls of the concrete-capil aries a colloidal metal-alginate-gel.

The colloidal metal-alginate-gel is prepared by treating an?! n base referabl sodium alginate, withQdfitEl ompound: pfiffiabffifil'oride, eliminating theexcess ofchlorides rom' e reaction-product, and

thereafter treating with a substance capable of transforming the purified reaction-product into a colloidal metal-a1 inateel, all the reaction Being efiected 1n the colii. For the latter-purpose ammonia may be used resulting in the formation of a colloidal ammonio-metal-al inateel. The chloride use may a ose o 1ron, algginum or co r, of course resulting 1n the PIEHTICtlOIl 0 t e corres onding colloidal ammonio-iron, aluminum mper-a'l'gmgel. I he productlon o' colloldal metal-a gmate-gels is described and claimed in my co ending application Serial No. 413932, file September so 1920. The colloidal ammonio-alginate-gels of the metals, e'specially iron, aluminum and copper-are miscible with water and 'a certain amount, depending on e c aracter of the concrete, isadded to the concrete, preferably to the mixing water. Upon drying of the. concrete, an insoluble film will be left on the walls of the capillaries. I

The film formed has the following qualities: Y

1)-' A fair tensile strength (cohesiveness),

2) Capable of adhering to the walls of the capillaries, y

(3) Insoluble in waters charged with soluble substances, mainly alkali compounds, 90

(4) Adapted to form a continuous or nonporous coating, and.

with the strength of the concrete.

It is because the film possesses the above enumerated qualities that it admirably prevents the disintegration of concrete by the solvent action of the alkali waters. The application of a gel, particularly a metal alginate-fiel, to the concrete-capillaries gives a film w ich is capable of adhering to the capillary-walls, cohesive, continuous, and at Examiner luo. uumruol Iowa,

COATING R PLASllC the same time, insoluble alkali-waters. Metal alginates, as ordinarlly prepared, are

not suitablefor making concrete resistant to alkali-waters since they tion of a gel.

After numerous experiments, it has been are not in the condifound that alginate-gels may be preparedas proximately 32 to 50 F., that a gel can formed; ac to the gel-condition ,of the metalalg'inateit has properties entirely different from the. ordinary alginate; namely, it is cohesive, capable of adhering well to the concrete capillaries and is resistant to, that' is, insoluble in alkali charged waters. The elimination of the impurities during the preparation of the gel] is, in a large measure, responsible for the latter quality. Soluble impurities, usually alkali com ounds, are

present in metal alginates as or inarily prepared and are due to the reaction substances employed in their preparation. The presence of such im urities renders the alginates utterly useless or making concrete resistant to alkali-waters.

Alginates, as ordinarily prepared, do not possess a true filming quality. Alginates- 7 prepared by treating an algin-base such as derstood by those skilled in the art. jelly referred to is very coarse grained, nonsodlum alglnate with iron, aluminum or copper chlorids, or, the roducts resulting from the treatment of sodium alginates with an acid, do form a 'ell but this is not a colloidal gel in the sense in which the term is innadhesive, and lacks cohesiveness, crumbling ondrying to a fine powder. Such a product is obviously incapable of making concrete resistant to alkali-waters. It is only when a colloidal gel is used theta true film possessing the r0 erties enumerated is formed in the ca i lanes of the concrete.

Faulty preparation of the colloidal ammonio-metal-alginate-gel will show its eflect in the dried film not being absolutely continuous or nonorous. To offset any defect in the preparatlon and to serve as an additive measure further fortifyingthe impermeabilit of the film, a s'uitable amount of a wax or example gges-wax, is dissolved film in an adequate amoun 0 an alcohol of the (l H O series preferably The :Mn treated wi ammonia forms a water-soluble or miscible emulsion.-

Upon the addition to concrete of tli e gelling ammonio-metalralginmying incorporated therein the fortifyin'gagent,

Cross Reference with a colloi theiwate'r form an insoluble calcium tlii'isild'smgthe eventual pores in tli -aTginate film and making it impermeable. The production of fortified colloidal metal-alginate-gels are described and claimed in my copending application Serial N 0. 413,932 filed September 30, 1920. q 1

a I claim:

1. The process .of making concrete r sistant to water charged with soluble ompounds, .compr isi ngadding to the concrete a colloidal algmate-gel.

' '2. The process of making concrete-resistant to' water charged '-w1th soluble compounds, comprising adding to the concrete a colloidal metal-alginate-gel.

3. The process of making concrete resistant to'iwatercharged with soluble compounds, cbn'iprising addin' to the concrete a colloidal ammonio-metal-a ginate-gel.

4. The process of makin concrete resist- LAGHHIIUL 'ant to water charged with soluble compounds, comprising treating the concrete al-algmate-gel carryin a for- 'tifying agent adapted to react wlth t e concrete to form almetallic soap.

5. The process of making concrete resistant to water charged with soluble compounds, com rising treating the concrete with a colloi al ammonia-metal-alginate-gel carrying a fortifying agent adapted to react withthe concrete, to form a metallic soap.

6. The process of making concrete resistant to water a charged withsoluble compounds, comprising 'addin to the 'concrete a colloidal-algmate-gel an wax; disso ved 'in an alcohol of the .C,,H,g,,0, series, adapted, to react with the compounds present .in the-concrete to form a metallic soap, and thereby fortify the impermeability of the dried alginate-gel. 7. The process of making concrete-resistant to water charged with soluble compounds, comprising addin to the concrete a colloidal aminonio nietal-a ginate-gel and an ammonia emulsion of wax dissolved in glycerin, adapted to react withcompounds presentin the concrete, toform a metallic soap and'thereb forti the impermeability of tlie driedalgi hat g As an new product, concrete having the capillaries thereof coated with a metal-,

8 As a new product, concrete having the capillaries thereof coated with a non-porous an. emulsion of,

11, As a new product, concrete having'the capillaries thereof coated with an ammonio metal-alginate-film. I, j

12. As a new product, concrete having the capillaries thereof coated with a non-porous insoluble film resulting from the treatment metal-alginate-film.

with agelling ammonio-metal-alginate.

13. As a new product, concrete having the insoluble film comprising a metal alginate resulting from the treatment with an ammonio-metaLalginate, and a calcium soap.

16. As a new product, concrete having the,

capillaries thereof coated with a non-porous,

insoluble me tal-alginate-film fortified with an incorporated insoluble and impermeable calcium soap formed by the reaction of the calcium hydrate present in wet concrete on the addltlon of an ammonia emulsion of a wax dissolved in glycerine.

17. As a new product, concrete having the capillaries thereof coated with a gelled algi- 18. As a new product, concrete having the capillaries thereof coated with a gelled 19. As a new product, concrete having the capillaries thereof coated with a gelled ammonio-metal-alginate-film.

20. As a new product, concrete having the capillaries thereof coated with a non-porous insoluble film com rising a gelled alginate mixed with a meta ic soap.

21. As a new product, concrete havin the capillaries thereof coated with a non-porous insoluble film comprising a gelled alginate.

,and a fortifying agent. I

22. As anew product, concrete having the capillaries thereofcoated with a non-porous insoluble film resulting from treatment with an alginate reactionroduct formed by gelling a purified meta alginate in the cold. 23. As a new product, concrete having the capillaries thereof coated with a non-porous insoluble'film resulting from treatment with an alginate reaction-product formed'by gelling a purified metal, alginate with ammonia in the cold. 2 In testimonywhereof I afiix m si nature.

. BERNARD F. EilD HL.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby oertifiedjthatin Letters Patent No. 1,415,324, upon the application of Bernard F. Erdahl', of Duluth,

nted May, 9, 1922, innesota, for an improvement 1n Processes of Rendering Concrete Resistant to Waters Charged with Soluble Compounds and Product Thereof, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 3, after line 52 insert the folj lowing paragraph, intended as a claim:

As a new product, concrete homing the capillaries thereo coated. with .a nonporous imol/uble film resulting from treatment with an algmate reactiow-product formed by gelling mfurified metal alginate in' the cold, the gelled algimtte also I canging incorporate herein a fortifgi/ng agent.

' and that the said Letters Patent-should be readwit-h this correction therein-that the same may conform toflthe record of the case in the Patent Qiiice.

Signed and sealed this th day of October, A. D., 1923.

{SE-AIL] KARL FENN'I NG Acting (7o'mlmiaeioner of Pqlenta. 

